An interesting idea based on a deterministic perspective. Pure theory, nothing else...
...Fish are simply complex biological things, governed by genes which dictate aspects such as size, natural wariness etc, and can in theory be entirely predictable in how they interact to minute changes in the local environment. So, if you were to map out the genome of your quarry and thoroughly study every genes' effect, you could in theory formulate a statistical model, of which the only variables would be the learned behaviors of the fish, which would be brought on my things like predation and angling pressure. So you could create a statistical model on which informed assumptions such as how likely a fish is to feed, where it will feed and what it will prefer as bait, and whether or not it will respond to camouflaged line. The genetics would even make a fish predisposed to wariness or feeding with seeming abandon. Also, providing a lake isn't stocked, the genome of your lake would be discrete, so you could (if you really had the time and motivation) work out the proportion of fish in the lake that will be likely to have these predispositions to wariness or strong feeding behavior. With this knowledge you could then surely devise an equation into which you simply type in variables such as temperature, light and date and be given an approximate probability of whether or not you'd catch or not...
I've probably made a false assumption somewhere, so would be interested in seeing my theory ripped into by the biologists on the forum.
One obvious problem is that it assumes that fish lack freewill, and the subsequent argument would be that humans lack free will as well, being also just a creature made up of genetic predispositions and cause and effect style learned behavior.