Bulk shot - putting most of the shot round the float makes it cast better with fewer tangles.
Heavier rigs are easier to cast at the expense of delicacy.
Float adapter - an eye with a bit of silicone on it or other adapter to let you change floats without tackling up again - I never use em
Lighter hooklength - just so if you get smashed up you wont lose everything. If you do it with the same line it will probably still break at the knot to the same effect.
Multicolours - yeah, we do that, but its less obvious than a tiny bit of tip just vanishing - hows your eyesight? What you can do, which I prefer, is to have a long, thin tip in multicolours. Pull to sink it depends on cross sectional area of tip, so a toothpick, cocktail stick, length of wire, thin end of a quill etc will sink (or rise) a long way with a tiny bit of shot.
Detergent on line - makes it easier to sink to get it out of the wind so it doesnt drag your float around. Thats all. Its a wrinkle. I seldom bother, couple of hard turns of the reel with the tip underwater and youre good.
Bulb - bulb at top - river float. Bulb at bottom - pond float. Roughly. Slow rivers, etc, but enough for a rule of thumb.